diff --git a/config/dbstructure.config.php b/config/dbstructure.config.php
index 3c2b81352b..40fc2ef0c3 100755
--- a/config/dbstructure.config.php
+++ b/config/dbstructure.config.php
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 use Friendica\Database\DBA;
 
 if (!defined('DB_UPDATE_VERSION')) {
-	define('DB_UPDATE_VERSION', 1316);
+	define('DB_UPDATE_VERSION', 1317);
 }
 
 return [
@@ -672,15 +672,15 @@ return [
 			"extid" => ["extid(191)"],
 			"uid_id" => ["uid", "id"],
 			"uid_contactid_id" => ["uid", "contact-id", "id"],
-			"uid_created" => ["uid", "created"],
+			"uid_received" => ["uid", "received"],
 			"uid_commented" => ["uid", "commented"],
 			"uid_unseen_contactid" => ["uid", "unseen", "contact-id"],
 			"uid_network_received" => ["uid", "network", "received"],
 			"uid_network_commented" => ["uid", "network", "commented"],
 			"uid_thrparent" => ["uid", "thr-parent(190)"],
 			"uid_parenturi" => ["uid", "parent-uri(190)"],
-			"uid_contactid_created" => ["uid", "contact-id", "created"],
-			"authorid_created" => ["author-id", "created"],
+			"uid_contactid_received" => ["uid", "contact-id", "received"],
+			"authorid_received" => ["author-id", "received"],
 			"ownerid" => ["owner-id"],
 			"contact-id" => ["contact-id"],
 			"uid_uri" => ["uid", "uri(190)"],
@@ -1256,15 +1256,15 @@ return [
 		"indexes" => [
 			"PRIMARY" => ["iid"],
 			"uid_network_commented" => ["uid", "network", "commented"],
-			"uid_network_created" => ["uid", "network", "created"],
+			"uid_network_received" => ["uid", "network", "received"],
 			"uid_contactid_commented" => ["uid", "contact-id", "commented"],
-			"uid_contactid_created" => ["uid", "contact-id", "created"],
+			"uid_contactid_received" => ["uid", "contact-id", "received"],
 			"contactid" => ["contact-id"],
 			"ownerid" => ["owner-id"],
 			"authorid" => ["author-id"],
-			"uid_created" => ["uid", "created"],
+			"uid_received" => ["uid", "received"],
 			"uid_commented" => ["uid", "commented"],
-			"uid_wall_created" => ["uid", "wall", "created"],
+			"uid_wall_received" => ["uid", "wall", "received"],
 			"private_wall_origin_commented" => ["private", "wall", "origin", "commented"],
 		]
 	],
diff --git a/include/api.php b/include/api.php
index 0fab1f47c1..6c6e6f7dcd 100644
--- a/include/api.php
+++ b/include/api.php
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ function api_statuses_update($type)
 		if ($throttle_day > 0) {
 			$datefrom = date(DateTimeFormat::MYSQL, time() - 24*60*60);
 
-			$condition = ["`uid` = ? AND `wall` AND `created` > ?", api_user(), $datefrom];
+			$condition = ["`uid` = ? AND `wall` AND `received` > ?", api_user(), $datefrom];
 			$posts_day = DBA::count('thread', $condition);
 
 			if ($posts_day > $throttle_day) {
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ function api_statuses_update($type)
 		if ($throttle_week > 0) {
 			$datefrom = date(DateTimeFormat::MYSQL, time() - 24*60*60*7);
 
-			$condition = ["`uid` = ? AND `wall` AND `created` > ?", api_user(), $datefrom];
+			$condition = ["`uid` = ? AND `wall` AND `received` > ?", api_user(), $datefrom];
 			$posts_week = DBA::count('thread', $condition);
 
 			if ($posts_week > $throttle_week) {
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ function api_statuses_update($type)
 		if ($throttle_month > 0) {
 			$datefrom = date(DateTimeFormat::MYSQL, time() - 24*60*60*30);
 
-			$condition = ["`uid` = ? AND `wall` AND `created` > ?", api_user(), $datefrom];
+			$condition = ["`uid` = ? AND `wall` AND `received` > ?", api_user(), $datefrom];
 			$posts_month = DBA::count('thread', $condition);
 
 			if ($posts_month > $throttle_month) {
@@ -5057,7 +5057,7 @@ function api_get_announce($item)
 	$fields = ['author-id', 'author-name', 'author-link', 'author-avatar'];
 	$activity = Item::activityToIndex(ACTIVITY2_ANNOUNCE);
 	$condition = ['parent-uri' => $item['uri'], 'gravity' => GRAVITY_ACTIVITY, 'uid' => [0, $item['uid']], 'activity' => $activity];
-	$announce = Item::selectFirstForUser($item['uid'], $fields, $condition, ['order' => ['created' => true]]);
+	$announce = Item::selectFirstForUser($item['uid'], $fields, $condition, ['order' => ['received' => true]]);
 	if (!DBA::isResult($announce)) {
 		return [];
 	}
diff --git a/include/conversation.php b/include/conversation.php
index a2927f9bfa..798a224016 100644
--- a/include/conversation.php
+++ b/include/conversation.php
@@ -800,12 +800,12 @@ function conversation_fetch_comments($thread_items) {
 	$parentlines = [];
 	$lineno = 0;
 	$actor = [];
-	$created = '';
+	$received = '';
 
 	while ($row = Item::fetch($thread_items)) {
-		if (($row['verb'] == ACTIVITY2_ANNOUNCE) && !empty($row['contact-uid']) && ($row['created'] > $created) && ($row['thr-parent'] == $row['parent-uri'])) {
+		if (($row['verb'] == ACTIVITY2_ANNOUNCE) && !empty($row['contact-uid']) && ($row['received'] > $received) && ($row['thr-parent'] == $row['parent-uri'])) {
 			$actor = ['link' => $row['author-link'], 'avatar' => $row['author-avatar'], 'name' => $row['author-name']];
-			$created = $row['created'];
+			$received = $row['received'];
 		}
 
 		if ((($row['gravity'] == GRAVITY_PARENT) && !$row['origin'] && !in_array($row['network'], [Protocol::DIASPORA])) &&
@@ -1316,7 +1316,7 @@ function get_item_children(array &$item_list, array $parent, $recursive = true)
 function sort_item_children(array $items)
 {
 	$result = $items;
-	usort($result, 'sort_thr_created_rev');
+	usort($result, 'sort_thr_received_rev');
 	foreach ($result as $k => $i) {
 		if (isset($result[$k]['children'])) {
 			$result[$k]['children'] = sort_item_children($result[$k]['children']);
@@ -1401,13 +1401,13 @@ function smart_flatten_conversation(array $parent)
 
 /**
  * Expands a flat list of items into corresponding tree-like conversation structures,
- * sort the top-level posts either on "created" or "commented", and finally
+ * sort the top-level posts either on "received" or "commented", and finally
  * append all the items at the top level (???)
  *
  * @brief Expands a flat item list into a conversation array for display
  *
  * @param array  $item_list A list of items belonging to one or more conversations
- * @param string $order     Either on "created" or "commented"
+ * @param string $order     Either on "received" or "commented"
  * @return array
  * @throws \Friendica\Network\HTTPException\InternalServerErrorException
  */
@@ -1439,8 +1439,8 @@ function conv_sort(array $item_list, $order)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (stristr($order, 'created')) {
-		usort($parents, 'sort_thr_created');
+	if (stristr($order, 'received')) {
+		usort($parents, 'sort_thr_received');
 	} elseif (stristr($order, 'commented')) {
 		usort($parents, 'sort_thr_commented');
 	}
@@ -1477,27 +1477,27 @@ function conv_sort(array $item_list, $order)
 }
 
 /**
- * @brief usort() callback to sort item arrays by the created key
+ * @brief usort() callback to sort item arrays by the received key
  *
  * @param array $a
  * @param array $b
  * @return int
  */
-function sort_thr_created(array $a, array $b)
+function sort_thr_received(array $a, array $b)
 {
-	return strcmp($b['created'], $a['created']);
+	return strcmp($b['received'], $a['received']);
 }
 
 /**
- * @brief usort() callback to reverse sort item arrays by the created key
+ * @brief usort() callback to reverse sort item arrays by the received key
  *
  * @param array $a
  * @param array $b
  * @return int
  */
-function sort_thr_created_rev(array $a, array $b)
+function sort_thr_received_rev(array $a, array $b)
 {
-	return strcmp($a['created'], $b['created']);
+	return strcmp($a['received'], $b['received']);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/mod/network.php b/mod/network.php
index 87eb4308b4..3e19cbce4d 100644
--- a/mod/network.php
+++ b/mod/network.php
@@ -704,11 +704,11 @@ function networkThreadedView(App $a, $update, $parent)
 	}
 
 	if ($datequery) {
-		$sql_extra3 .= Strings::protectSprintf(sprintf(" AND $sql_table.created <= '%s' ",
+		$sql_extra3 .= Strings::protectSprintf(sprintf(" AND $sql_table.received <= '%s' ",
 				DBA::escape(DateTimeFormat::convert($datequery, 'UTC', date_default_timezone_get()))));
 	}
 	if ($datequery2) {
-		$sql_extra3 .= Strings::protectSprintf(sprintf(" AND $sql_table.created >= '%s' ",
+		$sql_extra3 .= Strings::protectSprintf(sprintf(" AND $sql_table.received >= '%s' ",
 				DBA::escape(DateTimeFormat::convert($datequery2, 'UTC', date_default_timezone_get()))));
 	}
 
@@ -718,8 +718,8 @@ function networkThreadedView(App $a, $update, $parent)
 
 	// Normal conversation view
 	if ($order === 'post') {
-		$ordering = '`created`';
-		$order_mode = 'created';
+		$ordering = '`received`';
+		$order_mode = 'received';
 	} else {
 		$ordering = '`commented`';
 		$order_mode = 'commented';
diff --git a/mod/ping.php b/mod/ping.php
index 9b844cc48d..f30d1a61b9 100644
--- a/mod/ping.php
+++ b/mod/ping.php
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ function ping_init(App $a)
 		$condition = ["`unseen` AND `uid` = ? AND `contact-id` != ?", local_user(), local_user()];
 		$fields = ['id', 'parent', 'verb', 'author-name', 'unseen', 'author-link', 'author-avatar', 'contact-avatar',
 			'network', 'created', 'object', 'parent-author-name', 'parent-author-link', 'parent-guid', 'wall'];
-		$params = ['order' => ['created' => true]];
+		$params = ['order' => ['received' => true]];
 		$items = Item::selectForUser(local_user(), $fields, $condition, $params);
 
 		if (DBA::isResult($items)) {
diff --git a/mod/search.php b/mod/search.php
index 4144e2608f..dca7b153c2 100644
--- a/mod/search.php
+++ b/mod/search.php
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ function search_content(App $a) {
 		$condition = ["(`uid` = 0 OR (`uid` = ? AND NOT `global`))
 			AND `otype` = ? AND `type` = ? AND `term` = ?",
 			local_user(), TERM_OBJ_POST, TERM_HASHTAG, $search];
-		$params = ['order' => ['created' => true],
+		$params = ['order' => ['received' => true],
 			'limit' => [$pager->getStart(), $pager->getItemsPerPage()]];
 		$terms = DBA::select('term', ['oid'], $condition, $params);
 
diff --git a/src/Core/NotificationsManager.php b/src/Core/NotificationsManager.php
index 5b2e97005a..8ac5d93c72 100644
--- a/src/Core/NotificationsManager.php
+++ b/src/Core/NotificationsManager.php
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ class NotificationsManager extends BaseObject
 
 		$fields = ['id', 'parent', 'verb', 'author-name', 'unseen', 'author-link', 'author-avatar', 'contact-avatar',
 			'network', 'created', 'object', 'parent-author-name', 'parent-author-link', 'parent-guid'];
-		$params = ['order' => ['created' => true], 'limit' => [$start, $limit]];
+		$params = ['order' => ['received' => true], 'limit' => [$start, $limit]];
 
 		$items = Item::selectForUser(local_user(), $fields, $condition, $params);
 
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ class NotificationsManager extends BaseObject
 
 		$fields = ['id', 'parent', 'verb', 'author-name', 'unseen', 'author-link', 'author-avatar', 'contact-avatar',
 			'network', 'created', 'object', 'parent-author-name', 'parent-author-link', 'parent-guid'];
-		$params = ['order' => ['created' => true], 'limit' => [$start, $limit]];
+		$params = ['order' => ['received' => true], 'limit' => [$start, $limit]];
 
 		$items = Item::selectForUser(local_user(), $fields, $condition, $params);
 
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ class NotificationsManager extends BaseObject
 
 		$fields = ['id', 'parent', 'verb', 'author-name', 'unseen', 'author-link', 'author-avatar', 'contact-avatar',
 			'network', 'created', 'object', 'parent-author-name', 'parent-author-link', 'parent-guid'];
-		$params = ['order' => ['created' => true], 'limit' => [$start, $limit]];
+		$params = ['order' => ['received' => true], 'limit' => [$start, $limit]];
 		$items = Item::selectForUser(local_user(), $fields, $condition, $params);
 
 		if (DBA::isResult($items)) {
diff --git a/src/Model/Contact.php b/src/Model/Contact.php
index 775cc3fdad..757508f261 100644
--- a/src/Model/Contact.php
+++ b/src/Model/Contact.php
@@ -1616,7 +1616,7 @@ class Contact extends BaseObject
 
 		$pager = new Pager($a->query_string);
 
-		$params = ['order' => ['created' => true],
+		$params = ['order' => ['received' => true],
 			'limit' => [$pager->getStart(), $pager->getItemsPerPage()]];
 
 		if ($thread_mode) {
diff --git a/src/Model/Item.php b/src/Model/Item.php
index c3ff0520bb..d43bdb0a1b 100644
--- a/src/Model/Item.php
+++ b/src/Model/Item.php
@@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ class Item extends BaseObject
 				Logger::log('duplicated item with the same guid found. '.print_r($item,true));
 				return 0;
 			}
-		} else {
+		} elseif ($item['network'] == Protocol::OSTATUS) {
 			// Check for an existing post with the same content. There seems to be a problem with OStatus.
 			$condition = ["`body` = ? AND `network` = ? AND `created` = ? AND `contact-id` = ? AND `uid` = ?",
 					$item['body'], $item['network'], $item['created'], $item['contact-id'], $item['uid']];
@@ -2905,19 +2905,11 @@ class Item extends BaseObject
 		if ($network != "") {
 			$condition[0] .= " AND `network` = ?";
 			$condition[] = $network;
-
-			/*
-			 * There is an index "uid_network_received" but not "uid_network_created"
-			 * This avoids the creation of another index just for one purpose.
-			 * And it doesn't really matter wether to look at "received" or "created"
-			 */
-			$condition[0] .= " AND `received` < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL ? DAY";
-			$condition[] = $days;
-		} else {
-			$condition[0] .= " AND `created` < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL ? DAY";
-			$condition[] = $days;
 		}
 
+		$condition[0] .= " AND `received` < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL ? DAY";
+		$condition[] = $days;
+
 		$items = self::select(['file', 'resource-id', 'starred', 'type', 'id', 'post-type'], $condition);
 
 		if (!DBA::isResult($items)) {
@@ -2967,10 +2959,10 @@ class Item extends BaseObject
 	public static function firstPostDate($uid, $wall = false)
 	{
 		$condition = ['uid' => $uid, 'wall' => $wall, 'deleted' => false, 'visible' => true, 'moderated' => false];
-		$params = ['order' => ['created' => false]];
-		$thread = DBA::selectFirst('thread', ['created'], $condition, $params);
+		$params = ['order' => ['received' => false]];
+		$thread = DBA::selectFirst('thread', ['received'], $condition, $params);
 		if (DBA::isResult($thread)) {
-			return substr(DateTimeFormat::local($thread['created']), 0, 10);
+			return substr(DateTimeFormat::local($thread['received']), 0, 10);
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
diff --git a/src/Module/Profile.php b/src/Module/Profile.php
index 9bc52af7a9..8e5bedd847 100644
--- a/src/Module/Profile.php
+++ b/src/Module/Profile.php
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ class Profile extends BaseModule
 					AND `item`.`wall`
 					$sql_extra4
 					$sql_extra
-				ORDER BY `item`.`created` DESC",
+				ORDER BY `item`.`received` DESC",
 				$a->profile['profile_uid'],
 				GRAVITY_ACTIVITY
 			);
@@ -276,10 +276,10 @@ class Profile extends BaseModule
 			}
 
 			if (!empty($datequery)) {
-				$sql_extra2 .= Strings::protectSprintf(sprintf(" AND `thread`.`created` <= '%s' ", DBA::escape(DateTimeFormat::convert($datequery, 'UTC', date_default_timezone_get()))));
+				$sql_extra2 .= Strings::protectSprintf(sprintf(" AND `thread`.`received` <= '%s' ", DBA::escape(DateTimeFormat::convert($datequery, 'UTC', date_default_timezone_get()))));
 			}
 			if (!empty($datequery2)) {
-				$sql_extra2 .= Strings::protectSprintf(sprintf(" AND `thread`.`created` >= '%s' ", DBA::escape(DateTimeFormat::convert($datequery2, 'UTC', date_default_timezone_get()))));
+				$sql_extra2 .= Strings::protectSprintf(sprintf(" AND `thread`.`received` >= '%s' ", DBA::escape(DateTimeFormat::convert($datequery2, 'UTC', date_default_timezone_get()))));
 			}
 
 			// Does the profile page belong to a forum?
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ class Profile extends BaseModule
 					$sql_extra3
 					$sql_extra
 					$sql_extra2
-				ORDER BY `thread`.`created` DESC
+				ORDER BY `thread`.`received` DESC
 				$pager_sql",
 				$a->profile['profile_uid']
 			);
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ class Profile extends BaseModule
 
 		$items = DBA::toArray($items_stmt);
 
-		$o .= conversation($a, $items, $pager, 'profile', $update, false, 'created', $a->profile['profile_uid']);
+		$o .= conversation($a, $items, $pager, 'profile', $update, false, 'received', $a->profile['profile_uid']);
 
 		if (!$update) {
 			$o .= $pager->renderMinimal(count($items));
diff --git a/src/Protocol/DFRN.php b/src/Protocol/DFRN.php
index 31d363a118..3aa3ab957c 100644
--- a/src/Protocol/DFRN.php
+++ b/src/Protocol/DFRN.php
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class DFRN
 			STRAIGHT_JOIN `contact` ON `contact`.`id` = `item`.`contact-id`
 			WHERE `item`.`uid` = %d AND `item`.`wall` AND `item`.`changed` > '%s'
 			AND `item`.`visible` $sql_extra
-			ORDER BY `item`.`parent` ".$sort.", `item`.`created` ASC LIMIT 0, 300",
+			ORDER BY `item`.`parent` ".$sort.", `item`.`received` ASC LIMIT 0, 300",
 			intval($owner_id),
 			DBA::escape($check_date),
 			DBA::escape($sort)
diff --git a/src/Protocol/OStatus.php b/src/Protocol/OStatus.php
index 9fa0ff43af..127773f3c6 100644
--- a/src/Protocol/OStatus.php
+++ b/src/Protocol/OStatus.php
@@ -2219,7 +2219,7 @@ class OStatus
 		$check_date = DateTimeFormat::utc($last_update);
 		$authorid = Contact::getIdForURL($owner["url"], 0, true);
 
-		$condition = ["`uid` = ? AND `created` > ? AND NOT `deleted`
+		$condition = ["`uid` = ? AND `received` > ? AND NOT `deleted`
 			AND NOT `private` AND `visible` AND `wall` AND `parent-network` IN (?, ?)",
 			$owner["uid"], $check_date, Protocol::OSTATUS, Protocol::DFRN];
 
@@ -2234,7 +2234,7 @@ class OStatus
 			$condition[] = $authorid;
 		}
 
-		$params = ['order' => ['created' => true], 'limit' => $max_items];
+		$params = ['order' => ['received' => true], 'limit' => $max_items];
 
 		if ($filter === 'posts') {
 			$ret = Item::selectThread([], $condition, $params);